Testosterone is naturally made in the body. In men, it supports sperm production, drives sexual desire, and helps maintain muscle and bone strength. The brain’s pituitary gland regulates testosterone production, which occurs in the testicles.
Request an AppointmentSymptoms of Low Testosterone
You might notice increased body fat, enlarged breast tissue, loss of muscle mass, weaker bones, and low energy if testosterone levels drop. Sexual changes can include:
- Reduced libido (sex drive)
- Difficulty reaching orgasm
- Erectile dysfunction
- Lower sperm count
- Less seminal fluid
- Smaller or softer testicles
Many men with low testosterone also feel sadness, irritability, or depression.
Causes of Low Testosterone
Several factors can lead to reduced testosterone levels, including:
- Testicular injury or infections
- Treatments for testicular cancer
- Hormonal imbalances
- Chronic illnesses or infections
- Deficiencies in nutrition
- Andropause (male menopause) linked to aging
Certain medications and inherited conditions may also lower testosterone. Men with high blood pressure, obesity, or elevated cholesterol often experience low testosterone as well.
Request an AppointmentDiagnosis of Low Testosterone
Your trusted doctor will start with a physical exam and symptom review. Measuring testosterone involves a blood test, but your doctor may also order:
- Urinalysis
- Sperm analysis
- PSA test to check prostate health
- Hematocrit test to monitor red blood cell levels
The hematocrit is important because testosterone therapy can increase red blood cells.
Complications of Low Testosterone
Beyond affecting your quality of life and relationships, low testosterone can contribute to conditions like diabetes, osteoporosis, and heart disease.
Treatment of Low Testosterone
Treatment focuses on replacing testosterone through various methods such as:
- Skin gels, creams, or patches
- Injections
- Small pellets placed under the skin
- Oral inserts (under the tongue or inside the cheek)
These therapies help restore normal levels and ease symptoms. Testosterone replacement usually requires lifelong management with careful monitoring.
Risks of Testosterone Treatment
Testosterone treatment can increase risks like prostate enlargement and urinary symptoms. Those with kidney, liver, or heart issues may face fluid retention. It can worsen sleep apnea and may impact fertility over time. Men treated for prostate or breast cancer are typically not recommended for testosterone therapy.
Low Testosterone in Women
Though often called a male hormone, testosterone is essential for women’s health too. It can be prescribed off-label to ease menopause symptoms like hot flashes and vaginal dryness. Many women post-menopause find benefits such as:
- Improved mental clarity
- Balanced mood
- Less fatigue
- Stronger bones
- Reduced body fat
- Renewed libido
Testosterone therapy has not been FDA-approved for women and is usually not covered by insurance, but research shows it does not increase cancer risk and may protect against Type 2 diabetes and heart disease.