Causes of Hashimoto’s Disease
Hashimoto’s disease arises from an immune system malfunction, though its exact cause is still unclear. People living with other autoimmune conditions such as vitiligo, Addison’s disease, lupus, or type 1 diabetes may have a higher chance of developing it. Additional factors can influence its onset, including:
- Being female – women are much more likely than men to develop Hashimoto’s
- Family history and genetics
- Exposure to radiation
- Pregnancy and postpartum periods
- Consuming too much iodine
Symptoms of Hashimoto’s Disease
Symptoms mirror those of hypothyroidism and may include:
- Fatigue and low energy
- Pale or dry skin
- Hoarseness or voice changes
- Dry, thinning hair or hair loss
- Unexpected weight gain
- Joint aches or stiffness
- Enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)
- Muscle weakness
- Sensitivity to cold temperatures
- Heavy or irregular menstrual cycles
- Feelings of depression or low mood
- Difficulty conceiving or infertility
Diagnosis of Hashimoto’s Disease
Your doctor will carefully assess your symptoms and perform a physical exam focused on your thyroid. Lab tests often help confirm the diagnosis, including:
- Blood tests to check hormone levels
- Thyroid function tests
- Antibody tests to detect immune activity against the thyroid
Treatment of Hashimoto’s Disease
Hashimoto’s disease is most often managed with levothyroxine, a medication that replaces the deficient thyroid hormones. This thyroid replacement therapy helps restore normal hormone levels and improves symptoms. Dosage depends on your age, weight, severity of thyroid dysfunction, and other health factors. Many patients take this medication lifelong to maintain balance and support overall wellbeing.