Hypothyroidism is a frequent condition where the thyroid gland is underactive and doesn’t produce enough hormones to regulate essential body functions. Located at the front of the neck, the thyroid controls metabolism and energy use. When it produces insufficient hormones, key processes like heart rate, brain activity, and how the body converts food into energy slow down. Women over 60 years old face the highest risk of developing hypothyroidism. If untreated, this condition may lead to health issues such as obesity, joint pain, infertility, and heart disease.
Request an AppointmentCauses of Hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s disease, an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, is the leading cause of hypothyroidism. Other factors that can disrupt the production of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) include:
- Additional autoimmune diseases
- Genetic predisposition
- Radiation therapy to the neck or head
- Certain medications
- Thyroid surgery
- Pregnancy-related changes
- Iodine deficiency
- Previous thyroid treatments
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
Symptoms often develop gradually and can vary in intensity. You might notice:
- Persistent fatigue
- Increased sensitivity to cold
- Constipation
- Puffy or swollen face
- Unexplained weight gain
- Muscle aches and weakness
- Joint pain
- Feelings of depression or low mood
- Heavy or irregular menstrual cycles
Since hypothyroidism can cause elevated cholesterol, it’s wise for those with high cholesterol levels to get tested.
Request an AppointmentDiagnosis of Hypothyroidism
If your doctor suspects hypothyroidism, they’ll perform a physical exam and order blood tests to check thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Common tests include:
- TSH test
- Thyroid function panel
- Thyroid antibody tests
Treatment of Hypothyroidism
Taking synthetic thyroid hormone medication is the standard treatment to restore hormone levels. Dosage depends on your age, weight, condition severity, and other health factors. Many patients notice symptom improvement within weeks of starting treatment. Most require lifelong medication to maintain normal thyroid function and metabolism.
Because thyroid medication can affect how your body reacts to other drugs, regular follow-ups with your doctor are important. Most people tolerate the medication well and experience positive results without side effects.